Degraded and degraded soil is the product of the weathering process of granite and silicate rocks. These are rocks rich in silicon, poor in minerals, containing alkali and alkaline earth metals. When weathered, they produce soil with light, coarse mechanical composition, mixed with many durable primary minerals. This soil group has a total area of 3,122,700 hectares, accounting for 9.82% of the natural land area in Vietnam.
“Soil is an extremely important factor, determining the growth and development of crops. However, currently, the situation of stunted and underdeveloped crops, or abandoned land due to discoloring and degradation is alarming.”
Soil is an extremely important factor, determining the growth and development of crops.
Most of the causes of soil degradation are due to human factors. The main causes of poor quality soil in agriculture are:
- Monoculture: When a crop has a high price, people start to grow it en masse, causing an imbalance in the ecosystem. Monoculture is very common in areas specializing in growing industrial and perennial crops.
- Soil contaminated with heavy metals due to human waste: Such as domestic and industrial waste, domestic and industrial wastewater, wastewater from the food processing industry.
- Deforestation for slash-and-burn farming: Often in remote areas, ethnic minorities and people often destroy forests to make land for cultivation. But there are no measures to prevent soil erosion and leaching when it rains. Leading to increasingly thin arable land, less and less nutrients and becoming degraded soil.
- Overuse of chemical fertilizers: The soil has residual chemicals, the plants cannot absorb them, this excess amount of chemicals causes the soil to become acidic, leading to soil acidification, soil poisoning, stunted growth, and poor productivity.
- Soil is contaminated with salt due to improper use of fertilizers: In some areas, people have the habit of using fertilizers from animal carcasses (fish) that have not been treated. This type of fertilizer contains a very high sodium content, when added to the soil it will break down the soil structure, making the soil less porous and unable to drain.
- Using too many pesticides: Makes the soil environment increasingly polluted, the soil becomes discolored and devoid of nutrients.
Most of the causes of soil degradation are due to human impact
Improving degraded, “poor” soil helps us to cultivate well, regularly without wasting that land.
Here are some measures to improve soil that has lost nutrients:
- Liming: Helps prevent soil degradation; Treating saline soil; Inhibiting the growth of fungi in the soil and promoting the effectiveness of organic and inorganic fertilizers. However, liming will destroy all harmful and beneficial microorganisms; inorganic fertilizers such as Urea, SA, NPK, DAP, Phosphate… are all very averse to lime, so when applying lime, do not mix it with any other fertilizer.
- Covering the soil with other plants: Helps limit soil evaporation, keep the soil moist, limit weeds and keep the main crop warm. However, this will cause competition for nutrients with the main crop in the beginning, producers need to fertilize and prevent pests for both types of plants.
- Using organic carbon: Is a product from Japan (Nema2 brand), used for soil improvement, deacidification, reducing acidity, and increasing fertility. Use by mixing with water and spraying directly onto the surface of the soil, organic carbon particles easily penetrate deep into the soil, activate and treat residual pesticides and chemicals in the soil. Create a favorable environment for microorganisms to develop, making the soil loose, thereby helping plants grow well, absorb nutrients in the soil to the maximum and increase productivity.
- Other organic measures: Regularly change the crop structure (rotation, intercropping), apply organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility. Can use organic fertilizers such as manure, green manure, … Or agricultural waste such as straw, peat, treated household waste, …
JAPAN VIETNAM SMART FUTURE JOINT STOCK COMPANY
JAPAN VIETNAM SMART FUTURE JOINT STOCK COMPANY (JVSF)
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