Air Treatment Solutions for Pig Farms When Preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports

In the context of increasingly strict environmental protection regulations, effective treatment of polluted air in pig farms is a key factor in the process of preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and ensuring sustainable operations. JVSF is a reputable company in the field of livestock environmental treatment in Vietnam, introducing an optimal air treatment solution in pig farms, using Organic Carbon NEMA1.

1. General Introduction to Organic Air Pollution Treatment Solution NEMA1 for Pig Farms

Solutions applying Organic Carbon NEMA1 in controlling odors and minimizing toxic gases generated in pig farms:

Causes of odors:

The decomposition of organic waste, especially feces and urine, is the main source of odors in pig farms. This process releases toxic gases such as:

• Ammonia (NH₃)
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)
• Mercaptans
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Mechanism of Action of Organic Carbon NEMA1:

Organic Carbon NEMA1 contains a large number of unbonded Carbon atoms. When in contact with waste, these Carbon atoms will bind to macromolecules in the waste, breaking them down into smaller molecules, inhibiting the decomposition process and thus eliminating the formation of odorous gas compounds.

Certification and licensing:

• Organic Carbon NEMA1 has been tested and licensed by the Department of Livestock Production No. 451 / QD-CN-MTCN on November 29, 2022, confirming its effectiveness and safety in treating livestock waste.

2. Structure of the Air Treatment System Using Organic Carbon NEMA1

The solution to using Organic Carbon NEMA1 in barns is based on a sprinkler system to spray Organic Carbon solution to cover the waste surface. The system includes the following main components:

• Control Cabinet: Designed based on the number of spray branches and the number of cages, the control cabinet is equipped with an industrial PLC to ensure high stability and durability.
• Tank: The tank capacity is carefully calculated to ensure sufficient supply of Organic Carbon solution for all spray branches.
• Solenoid Valve: The solenoid valve has the function of opening the water supply to the spray system according to the automatic control signal, the number of valves depends on the number of branches that need to be sprayed.
• Pipeline: The piping system is responsible for transporting water from the tank to the nozzle, usually divided into three parts: the main pipe, the branch pipe and the spray pipe.
• Rain Nozzle: The rain nozzle has the function of spraying the solution evenly over the area to be treated. Depending on the barn floor area and barn type to choose the appropriate nozzle type.

3. Detailed Instructions for Using NEMA1 Solution for Pig Farms

To achieve optimal efficiency when using NEMA1, it is extremely important to strictly follow the instructions of the JVSF manufacturer. Below is a general guide:

Step 1: Survey and Evaluation, Calculation of Spray System

• Before installing the system, it is necessary to conduct a thorough survey and evaluation of the farm size, barn area, barn type, etc. so that JVSF technicians and distributors can calculate and design a suitable system. (System details are mentioned in Section 2).
• Evaluate the farm’s environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, ventilation flow.

Step 2: Install the NEMA1 System

• Install the system according to the detailed instructions of the JVSF or NPP manufacturer.
• After installation, conduct a thorough inspection of the system to ensure that the spraying process covers the waste area evenly.

Step 3:Use

• Dilute the Organic Carbon solution according to the ratio specifically instructed by the manufacturer.
• The system sprays the mixed solution according to the pre-programmed time frame and operating mode with selector switches (automatic function and manual control function). With the mode selected according to the age of the pig and the appropriate weather.

Step 4: System Operation and Maintenance

• Periodically check the sprinkler system to ensure stable operation.
• Add Organic Carbon NEMA1 to the tank according to the instructions from the manufacturer (NSX) and distributor (NPP).
• Periodically clean the filters, check the nozzles to remove dirt and debris, avoid clogging the system.
• Monitor the effectiveness of air treatment by sensory assessment of the overall odor of the farm or periodically measure the concentration of VOCs with the appropriate method.

Air treatment system in pig barn in operation

4.Calculating Energy Consumption and Product Cost:

Evaluating the economic efficiency of the NEMA1 solution is very important for farm owners to make reasonable investment decisions. Below are instructions for preliminary calculations of energy consumption and product costs:

4.1. Calculating Energy Consumption:

The energy consumption of the NEMA1 system mainly comes from:

• Sprinkler system: The energy is mainly used for the pump system, the power consumption for the control system is only equivalent to 10W/hour (Very small, can be ignored)
• Calculate the pump capacity: Sprinkler pump capacity (kW) x Operating time (hours/day) x Number of operating days in a year.

For example:

Recalculate the power consumption of a farm using the NEMA1 system: Sprinkler pump capacity: 3 kW. Operation: 4 time frames/day, total spraying time of time frames is 28 minutes/day.

• Energy consumption per day:

• • Energy consumption/day = Capacity × Operating time
  • Energy consumption/day = 3 kW × (28/60) hours = 1.4 kWh

• Energy consumption per year:

• • Energy consumption/year = Energy consumption/day × 365 days
  • Energy consumption/year = 1.4 kWh × 365 days = 511 kWh

4.2. Product Cost:

To calculate the cost, it is necessary to determine:

• Regular operating costs:
  • Applied at a dose of 0.075 grams/head/day for small pigs, weighing < 40 kg/pig -> Regulatory regime 1
  • Applied at a dose of 0.15 grams/head/day for small pigs, weighing > 40 kg/pig -> Regulate mode 2
• Calculate monthly dosage:

*   Apply mode 1 with a dosage of 0.075 grams/pig/day

• • Amount used per month = 0.075 × 30 ~ 2.25 grams/pig/month

*   Apply mode 2 with a dosage of 0.15 grams/pig/day

• • Amount used per month = 0.15 × 30 ~ 4.5 grams/pig/month

For example:

The farm includes:

• 10,000 pigs (over 40 kg), will apply Use mode 2
  • Total weight used = 10,000 × 4.5 = 45,000 grams/month = 45 kg/month
• 5,000 small pigs (under 40 kg), will apply mode 1
  • Total weight used = 5,000 × 2.25 = 11,250 grams/month = 11.25 kg/month
• Total amount of product needed in the month: 45 kg + 11.25 kg = 56.25 kg

– JVSF recommends the cost of using a pig farm deodorizing system using an automatic sprinkler system will be from 12-15 thousand/pig/batch.

4.3. Water Usage

Through extensive project implementation, we propose the following recommended mixing ratios:

• Initial application phase: For the first 2 weeks, use a mixing ratio of 1 gram/liter. (The amount of water used is fixed to increase the product mass, so it can be ignored).
• Maintenance phase: Apply a mixing ratio of 0.4 grams/liter.

The amount of water required will be calculated based on the number of pigs the farm intends to raise and the daily dosage of the product, according to the following formula:

Amount of water used (Liter/day) = [Dosage used (Gram/pig/day)] ÷ [Dilution ratio (Gram/liter)] × Number of pigs (Pigs)

The amount of water used by the sprinkler system will form wastewater at a rate of 50%. The farm can incorporate this amount of water into the total wastewater calculation process (if necessary).

Calculation example:

– The farm includes:

• 10,000 pigs (over 40 kg), used mass: 0.15 grams/pig/day
• 5,000 small pigs (under 40 kg), used mass: 0.075 grams/pig/day
• NEMA1 mixing ratio: 0.4 grams/liter

-Calculate the amount of water used:

• Small pig pen:
  • Water amount = 0.075 ÷ 0.4 × 5,000 = 937.5 liters/day
• Large pig pen:
  • Water amount = 0.15 ÷ 0.4 × 10,000 = 3,750 liters/day
• Total water consumption of the entire farm:
  • 937.5 + 3,750 = 4,687.5 liters/day

Conclusion: With a scale of 15,000 pigs, the total amount of water needed to mix the product according to the maintenance dose is 4,687.5 liters per day.

4.4. Summary:

• Cost of using Organic Carbon (calculated above).
• Electricity cost (calculated above).
• Amount of water used and amount of wastewater (calculated above).
• Maintenance and repair costs (Low can be ignored).
• Labor costs (Short-term farm labor can be ignored).

4.5. Economic Efficiency Assessment:

To assess economic efficiency, it is necessary to compare the investment and operating costs of NEMA1 with the benefits it brings. Benefits include:

• • Reduced pig disease treatment costs:

    Better air quality reduces the risk of disease in pigs, thereby reducing treatment costs.

  • Increase livestock productivity:

    A better living environment helps pigs grow healthily and increase productivity.

  • Reduce environmental violation fines:

    Complying with environmental protection regulations helps avoid fines and disruptions to livestock operations.

  • Enhance reputation and brand value:

    Investing in environmental protection helps enhance the reputation and brand value of the farm.

5.Conclusion:

The air treatment solution using Organic Carbon NEMA1, recommended by JVSF, is an effective and sustainable investment option for modern livestock farms. By ensuring a good livestock environment, it will reduce costs related to disease, increase productivity and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. The above article mentions the basic parts to establish the content of air environment treatment when establishing EIA for pig farms. In addition to the above parts, if you need detailed advice and support, please contact JVSF directly for advice.