Soil Amendment: JVSF Solutions & Lessons From Japan | An In-Depth Analysis
Organic-Oriented Agricultural Soil Amendment: Integrating JVSF Carbon Technology and Lessons from Japanese Agriculture
Introduction
Land is a unique factor of production, the fundamental cornerstone for Vietnam’s food security and socio-economic development. However, this foundation is under severe threat from widespread degradation, an urgent issue demanding strategic solutions. Restoring “soil health” through organic measures is not just a remedial action but a strategic direction to build a sustainable, high-value-added agricultural sector for Vietnam. This analysis will delve into three main pillars: (1) clarifying the current situation and root causes of soil degradation in Vietnam; (2) analyzing the NEMA2 organic carbon technology solution from the Japan-Vietnam Smart Future Joint Stock Company (JVSF) as an effective tool for soil amendment; and (3) drawing lessons from the philosophy and practices of Japanese organic agriculture to propose a comprehensive action plan for Vietnam.
Chapter 1: The Alarming State of Agricultural Soil Degradation in Vietnam
1.1. An Overview of the Scale and Severity of Degradation
The state of soil degradation in Vietnam has reached an alarming level. According to a 2021 report from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the country has approximately 11.8 million hectares of degraded land, accounting for a staggering 35.7% of the total natural area, of which over 4 million hectares are agricultural production land. This means that more than one-third of the nation’s land resources are suffering from severe quality decline.
A deeper analysis of data from the General Department of Land Administration in 2020 reveals that while most agricultural land is degraded to a slight to moderate degree, the specific figures are still deeply concerning: 114,000 hectares are severely degraded, 1.655 million hectares are moderately degraded, and over 3.3 million hectares are slightly degraded. These numbers indicate that a large portion of agricultural land is on the brink of “declining health” and is at risk of deteriorating further without timely and effective intervention.
Degradation occurs in all regions but is most heavily concentrated in three key areas: the Northern Midlands and Mountains (with over 1.839 million ha), the Central Highlands, and the South Central Coast. These are regions with steep terrain, heavily impacted by erosion and unsustainable farming practices.
Table 1: Status of Agricultural Soil Degradation in Vietnam (2020 Data)
| Ecological Region | Total Area of Degraded Agricultural Land (thousand ha) | Classification by Severity (thousand ha) | Main Degradation Processes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Midlands and Mountains | 1,839 (moderate) + 619 (severe) | Severe: 619, Moderate: 1,839 | Erosion, runoff; Fertility decline; Aridity |
| North Central and Central Coast | 889 (moderate) + 455 (severe) | Severe: 455, Moderate: 889 | Erosion, runoff; Aridity, desertification; Salinization |
| Central Highlands | (No specific data) | (No specific data) | Erosion due to deforestation; Fertility decline |
| Mekong Delta | (No specific data) | (No specific data) | Acidification; Saline intrusion; Fertility decline |
1.2. Analysis of Root Causes: A Vicious Cycle of Depletion
The causes of soil degradation are diverse but can be grouped into three main categories, which do not exist independently but form a negative feedback loop, accelerating the process of land depletion.
First, chemical intensification is a leading cause. The overuse of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, cited as the cause of over 43% of degraded agricultural land, has disrupted the soil’s natural structure and ecological balance. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen, not only causes waste but also leads to soil acidification, compaction, reduced porosity, and the destruction of beneficial soil organisms.
Second, unsustainable farming practices have persisted for decades. Activities such as multi-cropping per year, monoculture, and not allowing the land to “rest” have depleted soil nutrients. Particularly in hilly regions like the Central Highlands and the Northwest, deforestation for cultivation has caused severe erosion and runoff, stripping away the fertile topsoil.
Third, the impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly apparent. Extreme weather events like prolonged droughts and saltwater intrusion are increasing in frequency and intensity. A prime example is the Mekong Delta, where in 2020 alone, over 58,000 hectares of rice were damaged by drought and salinity, reducing land quality and shrinking arable area.
These factors create a cyclical “intensification trap.” The initial overuse of chemicals diminishes the soil microbial population. When these organisms are destroyed, natural organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling processes stall. The soil loses its friable structure, reducing its ability to retain water and nutrients. Crops cannot absorb nutrients efficiently, becoming weaker and more susceptible to pests and diseases. To maintain yields, farmers are forced to increase the use of fertilizers and pesticides, causing the soil to degrade further, while input costs rise and yields tend to stagnate or decline.
1.3. Multidimensional Consequences
Soil degradation has severe and multidimensional consequences that extend beyond the agricultural sector.
- Economically: Reduced agricultural productivity directly threatens national food security. Production costs increase as farmers must invest more in fertilizers and pesticides to compensate for declining soil fertility, reducing their profits and making their livelihoods precarious.
- Environmentally: Degraded soil increases the risk of natural disasters like landslides and flash floods due to reduced water retention capacity. It also leads to a decline in soil biodiversity and pollution of groundwater and surface water from agricultural chemical runoff.
- Socially: This issue directly affects the livelihoods of millions of farming households, who constitute a large proportion of Vietnam’s population, making goals of poverty reduction and closing the wealth gap more challenging.
Furthermore, soil degradation is a comprehensive national security issue. When soil loses organic matter and structure, its water-holding capacity decreases, exacerbating water security problems and causing more frequent droughts and floods. Degraded soil also shifts from being a natural carbon sink to a source of greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂), contradicting Vietnam’s international commitments to emission reduction. Therefore, soil amendment and restoration are not just tasks for the agricultural sector but urgent, interdisciplinary requirements affecting the sustainable development of the entire nation.
Chapter 2: The Foundation of Recovery: The Core Role of Organic Carbon in Soil Health
2.1. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) – A Vital Sign
To reverse the cycle of degradation, restoring and enhancing the soil’s organic matter content is key. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) is primarily derived from decomposed plant, animal, and microbial residues. Within this, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is the main component, accounting for about 57% of the total organic matter mass. Scientists consider SOC the “most precious part of the soil” and a central indicator for assessing soil fertility and health.
Soil organic matter exists in two main forms: the active organic fraction and the stable organic fraction (humus). The active fraction decomposes relatively quickly, providing an immediate release of nutrients for crops. Humus, on the other hand, is the stabilized organic matter that decomposes very slowly, playing a decisive role in the long-term physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as nutrient retention and soil structure.
2.2. The Multifaceted Impact of Organic Carbon
Organic carbon, especially humus, has a comprehensive impact on soil health by improving its physical, chemical, and biological properties.
- Improving Physical Properties: Humus acts as a natural “glue,” binding individual soil particles (sand, silt, clay) into stable aggregates. This makes the soil porous and well-aerated, allowing plant roots to grow deep and wide. Good soil structure also increases water infiltration and retention, while minimizing the risk of erosion and nutrient leaching from heavy rain or irrigation.
- Improving Chemical Properties: Organic carbon is a natural “nutrient reservoir,” slowly and sustainably providing essential macro, secondary, and micronutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) to plants. More importantly, it significantly increases the soil’s Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). A high CEC helps the soil retain positive nutrient ions (like K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) from fertilizers, preventing them from being leached away and releasing them gradually for plant uptake as needed. Additionally, organic matter can immobilize heavy metals and reduce aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils.
- Improving Biological Properties: Organic matter is the primary energy and food source for the entire soil food web, from bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes to earthworms. A soil rich in organic matter nurtures a diverse and beneficial microbial population that helps decompose complex substances, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and outcompete harmful pathogens in the soil.
- Stimulating Plant Growth: Besides providing nutrients, the decomposition of organic matter produces highly bioactive compounds similar to natural plant growth hormones (e.g., Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin). These substances stimulate seed germination, promote root and shoot development, and help plants grow strong and resilient.
2.3. Organic Carbon and Sustainable Agriculture
The role of organic carbon extends beyond the farm field. Increasing SOC levels in agricultural soils plays a dual role: improving the soil and serving as a critical solution for mitigating climate change. Through photosynthesis, plants capture CO₂ from the atmosphere. Part of this carbon is stored in the plant’s biomass, and another part is transferred to the soil through plant residues (leaves, roots). When organic farming practices are applied, this carbon is accumulated and stored in the soil as stable organic matter, which can persist for decades, even centuries, if the soil is not disturbed. This process is known as “carbon sequestration.”
A 19-year long-term study at the University of California showed that adding compost and cover crops to a farming system increased soil carbon content by 12.6% over the study period, an average increase of 0.7% per year. This rate is significantly higher than the 0.4% per year target of the international “4 per 1000 initiative,” a global program demonstrating that agriculture can play a crucial role in addressing climate change.
This opens a significant opportunity for Vietnamese farmers. By adopting farming practices that increase soil organic carbon, they not only improve yields and reduce input costs but also provide a valuable “ecosystem service” of carbon storage. In the future, as carbon credit markets develop, this soil amendment activity could be quantified into economic value, creating a new source of income for farmers in addition to selling produce. This is a powerful financial incentive to drive the transition towards a sustainable and environmentally responsible agricultural system.
Chapter 3: Analysis of a Technological Solution: JVSF Organic Carbon and the NEMA2 Product
3.1. Origins and Breakthrough Technology from Japan
In the context of the growing need for soil amendment and the transition to organic agriculture, advanced technological solutions play a crucial role. In Vietnam, the Japan-Vietnam Smart Future Joint Stock Company (JVSF) has emerged as a pioneer by exclusively acquiring the technology and production line for Organic Carbon from Japan.
This technology is the culmination of over 20 years of research, starting in the early 2000s, led by Dr. Yukihiro Sugiyama and his colleagues at the University of Tokyo. The breakthrough lies in the ability to process cellulose (a major component of plants) at an atomic level through a special manufacturing process. The result is a highly active form of Organic Carbon with ultra-small particle sizes, only about 0.16 nm. This is a new material, not naturally occurring, synthesized entirely through modern technology.
3.2. Analysis of NEMA2’s Mechanism of Action
The NEMA2 product is a direct application of this Organic Carbon technology in the agricultural sector, especially for soil amendment. NEMA2’s mechanism of action is based on the unique properties of its ultra-small organic carbon particles.
- Primary Mechanism: Thanks to their nano-scale size, the Organic Carbon particles easily penetrate deep into the soil structure and are absorbed into plant cells. Inside the soil, they act as powerful catalysts, promoting biochemical processes, especially the nitrogen cycle, helping plants absorb and utilize nutrients more efficiently, thereby potentially reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Once inside the plant, these carbon particles readily combine with oxygen and hydrogen to form sugars and cellulose, providing direct energy and building materials for cell structures, helping the plant grow faster and stronger.
- Specific Impacts: Practical trials and applications have shown that NEMA2 can effectively improve acidic, compacted, and depleted soils, helping to increase humus content and make the soil more friable. The product also stimulates robust root development, creating a strong foundation for the plant to absorb water and nutrients. As a result, crops become sturdier with thicker, greener leaves, reducing the risk of lodging, which is particularly important for rice during the rainy season.
3.3. Experimental Evidence and Effectiveness in Vietnam
The effectiveness of NEMA2 is not just theoretical; it has been proven through numerous field trials in Vietnam, especially on rice—the nation’s staple food crop.
At Hoa Nang Farm, a specialized producer of organic ST25 rice, the application of NEMA2 during the Summer-Autumn crop yielded impressive results. Although the initial soil and water quality were already good (soil pH 5.6 – 6.2), after using NEMA2, the rice root systems developed exceptionally well. Pre-harvest analysis showed a 20-30% increase in fresh rice yield. More importantly, after drying to a uniform moisture content of 14%, the weight of firm grains in the NEMA2-treated samples was up to 30% higher than in the control plot, and grain plumpness also increased by about 6%.
Reference link for the Hoa Nang project: https://jvsf.vn/hoa-nang-farm-thanh-cong-tang-hon-20-nang-suat-lua-st25-voi-organic-carbon/
Another important trial conducted by the Mekong Delta Rice Research Institute in Can Tho also confirmed the role of NEMA2. The results showed that using NEMA2 led to longer rice roots, a higher chlorophyll index (SPAD)—a measure of leaf health and photosynthetic capacity—and stronger, less-lodging stalks. Notably, when NEMA2 was combined with a reduction in conventional fertilizer application, rice yields still increased compared to traditional farming methods.
Reference link: https://jvsf.vn/tang-nang-suat-chat-luong-cay-lua-voi-nema2-thi-nghiem-do-vien-lua-dbscl-thuc-hien/
Other trials in Kien Giang and Quang Tri showed similar results, with superior root development, sturdy stalks, and yield increases ranging from 10% to over 20% compared to the control.
A key finding from these trials, particularly from the Mekong Delta Rice Research Institute, is that NEMA2 is most effective at low seeding densities. This is not just a technical detail but carries strategic significance. It shows that NEMA2 is not merely a “nutrient supplement” but an “enabler” for the transition to more sustainable farming practices. The common practice of dense seeding by farmers is often to compensate for low germination and survival rates of seedlings in harsh soil conditions. By stimulating healthy root development from the very beginning, NEMA2 helps each plant reach its full potential, allowing farmers to confidently reduce seeding density while maintaining or even increasing yields. This saves on seed costs, reduces nutrient competition between plants, and creates a more ventilated canopy, which helps limit the development of pests and diseases.
Table 2: Summary of NEMA2 Trial Results on Rice in Vietnam
| Location/Implementing Unit | Evaluation Metric | Result vs. Control | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hoa Nang Farm (Soc Trang) | Root development, Firm grain rate, Yield | Superior roots, Firm grains +>30%, Fresh yield +20-30% | USDA standard organic farming |
| Mekong Delta Rice Research Institute (Can Tho) | Root length, Chlorophyll index (SPAD), Plant strength, Yield | All metrics higher, Increased yield | Most effective at lower seeding densities |
| Rach Gia (Kien Giang) | Root development, Stalk strength, Yield | Superior roots, strong stalks, more panicles, Yield +>20% | Large-scale trial |
| SEPON GROUP (Quang Tri) | Germination rate, Seedling development, Yield | Fast germination, healthy roots, green seedlings, Yield +10-20% | Applied from seed soaking stage |
Chapter 4: Lessons from Japan: The “Tsuchi-zukuri” Philosophy and Advanced Soil Amendment Methods
4.1. The “Tsuchi-zukuri” (Soil Building) Philosophy – The Foundation of Sustainable Agriculture
Japanese agriculture, particularly organic farming, is built on a profound philosophy known as “Tsuchi-zukuri,” which means “soil making” or “soil building.” This philosophy does not view soil as an inert medium to hold plants, but as a living entity, a complex ecosystem. Japanese farmers believe they are not “growing plants” but “building the soil”; because once the soil is healthy, the crops will naturally thrive.
The core of “Tsuchi-zukuri” is the continuous addition of organic matter to nourish and enhance the activity of billions of microorganisms in the soil. They believe that using chemical fertilizers is only a temporary, “fire-fighting” solution, while the true foundation of sustainable agriculture must be a soil rich in humus, porous, and alive. A lack of organic matter will cause the soil to “die,” lose its microbial life, leading to compaction, poor aeration and moisture, and creating favorable conditions for pests and diseases. Therefore, restoring soil activity through organic measures is considered the most fundamental and important principle.
4.2. An Ecosystem of Soil Amendment Techniques
To realize the “Tsuchi-zukuri” philosophy, Japanese farmers have developed and perfected an ecosystem of soil amendment techniques, where each method has its own role and advantages.
- Traditional Composting: This is the foundational technique, utilizing all available local organic materials such as weeds, fallen leaves, straw, and animal manure. The core principle is to mix carbon-rich materials (known as “browns” like dry leaves, straw, sawdust) and nitrogen-rich materials (known as “greens” like fresh grass, vegetable scraps, manure) at an optimal C/N ratio, typically from 25:1 to 40:1. The composting process is carefully controlled for moisture (around 50-60%) and is turned periodically to supply oxygen for aerobic microorganisms. The pile’s temperature is maintained at a high level (60-70°C) in the initial phase to kill pathogens and weed seeds. The Japanese particularly emphasize persistence, applying compost annually in large quantities (about 3 kg/m²), with significant results often appearing only after 2 to 5 years of continuous application.
- Bokashi Fermentation: If compost is an aerobic decomposition process, Bokashi is a unique anaerobic (oxygen-free) fermentation technique. “Bokashi” in Japanese means “fermented organic matter.” This method uses a type of Effective Microorganisms (EM), often inoculated onto a rice bran base (called bokashi bran), to ferment organic waste in a sealed container. The outstanding advantages of Bokashi are its fast processing speed (only 4-6 weeks), lack of foul odors, absence of insects, and its ability to process a wider range of kitchen scraps than compost (including meat and fish in moderate amounts). This technique can be applied in small spaces like a kitchen, producing two valuable products: bokashi tea (a nutrient and enzyme-rich liquid fertilizer) and the fermented solids (which are buried in the soil to decompose completely).
- Biochar: Hailed as the “black gold” of agriculture, biochar is an extremely stable form of carbon that can persist in the soil for hundreds, even thousands of years. It has a porous structure like a giant sponge. Biochar’s primary role is not to provide nutrients directly, but to improve the soil’s physical structure, increasing its water and air retention capacity. More importantly, it acts as a “home” or “5-star hotel” for beneficial microorganisms to reside and thrive. With a high cation exchange capacity (CEC), it helps retain nutrients and prevent leaching. Environmentally, biochar is one of the most effective solutions for long-term carbon sequestration, helping to reduce atmospheric CO₂ levels.
Reference document on “organic farming technology in Japan”: https://www.jaec.org/jaec/english/2.pdf
4.3. Comparison and Integration – A Lesson in Systems Thinking
The most valuable lesson to learn from Japanese agriculture is not the choice of a single method, but the systems thinking in combining these methods for synergistic effects. They do not see compost, bokashi, and biochar as competing solutions but as complementary components in a circular, closed-loop farming system.
Compost provides a rich source of organic nutrients and microorganisms but has a relatively short-term effect, as it will decompose within a few years. Conversely, biochar provides a durable structure and a long-term sanctuary for microorganisms, but is nutrient-poor on its own. The combination of these two creates a powerful synergistic effect. Farmers often mix biochar into their compost piles, a process known as “charging” the biochar. This process allows the porous structure of the biochar to be filled with nutrients and microbes from the compost before being applied to the soil. The biochar then not only improves soil structure but also becomes a “bank” of nutrients and microbes, slowly releasing them to the plants. Meanwhile, wood vinegar and other biological preparations protect the plants and the soil ecosystem that compost and biochar are diligently building, without the need for toxic chemicals. Bokashi effectively addresses the issue of organic waste at the source. This is the manifestation of comprehensive systems thinking, aimed at the sustainability and resilience of the agricultural ecosystem.
Table 3: Comparison of Japanese Organic Soil Amendment Methods
| Method | Primary Mechanism | Main Impact | Effective Duration | Key Requirement | Applicability in Vietnam |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composting | Aerobic decomposition | Provides nutrients, humus, microbes | Short to medium-term (1-3 years) | Space, C/N materials, labor for turning | High (utilizes agricultural by-products) |
| Bokashi Fermentation | Anaerobic fermentation (with EM) | Fast waste processing, creates liquid & solid fertilizer | Short-term (weeks) | Sealed bin, Bokashi bran, technique | Medium (suitable for urban, household scale) |
| Biochar | Anaerobic pyrolysis | Improves soil structure, water/nutrient retention, stores Carbon | Very long-term (hundreds of years) | Pyrolysis kiln, dry biomass | High (rice husks, straw, corn cobs) |
Organic Carbon can synergize with Composting, Bokashi Fermentation, and Biochar processes to optimize quality, reduce time, and lower production costs.
Chapter 5: A Roadmap for Vietnam: Integrating Technology and Philosophy for Sustainable Soil Amendment
5.1. Challenges and Opportunities in the Vietnamese Context
The transition to organic agriculture and sustainable soil amendment in Vietnam faces many challenges but also presents great opportunities.
Challenges:
- Farming Practices: A short-term, yield-driven mindset and heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides are deeply ingrained in many farmers’ practices.
- Cost and Yield: The initial investment cost for organic products and the transition process can be high, while yields often tend to decrease in the first few seasons before the soil recovers, creating a major economic barrier for smallholder farmers.
- Fragmented Production: Much of Vietnam’s agricultural production is small-scale and scattered, making it difficult to apply technology uniformly, control quality, and build large value chains.
- Market and Policy: The organic product market lacks transparency, with various certifications causing consumer confusion and eroding trust. Government support policies for organic agriculture, though present, are not yet strong enough, lack synchronization, and have not been effectively implemented.
Opportunities:
- Market Demand: Growing consumer awareness about health is creating significant demand for clean, safe, and organic agricultural products, both domestically and in demanding export markets like Japan, the EU, and the US.
- Rising Chemical Fertilizer Prices: The context of continuously rising inorganic fertilizer prices in recent years has created a direct economic incentive, forcing farmers to seek alternative solutions to reduce input costs, including increasing the use of organic fertilizers.
- Circular Economy: Vietnam has a massive source of agricultural by-products, estimated at tens of millions of tons annually (straw, husks, corn stalks, bagasse, animal manure…). This is a “gold mine” of raw materials for producing compost, biochar, and other organic products, helping to turn waste into resources and create a closed-loop agricultural cycle.
5.2. Proposed Integrated Action Roadmap
To overcome challenges and seize opportunities, Vietnam should not adopt a rigid or extreme approach but rather a flexible, step-by-step transition roadmap that harmoniously combines simple solutions with high-tech ones. A “staircase” model for soil amendment could be a suitable path.
This model recognizes that farmers, especially smallholders, cannot suddenly abandon chemicals entirely for 100% organic due to the significant economic risks. Instead, the transition can be divided into more feasible steps:
- Step 1 (Reduction & Supplementation): This is the first, easiest, and least expensive step. Farmers begin by gradually reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides while supplementing with on-site compost made from available agricultural by-products. A simple rule of thumb could be “for every 1kg of inorganic fertilizer applied, return at least 0.5kg of organic fertilizer to the soil.”
- Step 2 (Acceleration & Regeneration): At this stage, to shorten the soil recovery time and quickly stabilize yields, farmers can apply high-tech products like NEMA2. These products act as “catalysts,” helping to speed up the soil amendment process, improve nutrient use efficiency, and help crops overcome the difficult transition period. In parallel, cooperatives or businesses can start investing in biochar production technology from concentrated waste sources like rice husks at mills, to build a sustainable foundation for soil structure and fertility.
- Step 3 (Comprehensive Organic System): This is the highest step, aiming for a complete organic farming system. At this stage, farmers would fully apply organic principles such as crop rotation, intercropping, and cover cropping, and skillfully combine soil amendment techniques learned from Japan to create a closed-loop agricultural ecosystem with high self-sustaining fertility and resilience.
For this roadmap to succeed, collaboration among all stakeholders is essential:
- For Farmers and Cooperatives: Proactively learn and apply the “staircase” model. Start with the simplest things, like composting by-products on the farm. Consider investing in technology products like NEMA2 as a “catalyst” to reduce risks and shorten the current difficult phase.
- For Businesses (like JVSF): The company is shifting from a “product-selling” model to a “solution-providing” model. Instead of just supplying NEMA2, the company is building demonstration models, transferring integrated farming protocols (e.g., NEMA2 combined with compost and biochar, with Bacillus…), and providing technical support and consultation to farmers throughout the transition process.
Conclusion
The severe state of soil degradation in Vietnam is a multifaceted challenge that threatens the foundation of its agriculture and the nation’s sustainable development. However, it also presents an opportunity to restructure the agricultural sector towards a greener, higher-value direction. This analysis has shown that restoring soil health through an organic path, with organic carbon at its core, is not only feasible but also brings dual benefits: ensuring food security and improving farmer livelihoods, while also contributing to environmental protection and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
The path forward requires a harmonious and intelligent combination of local wisdom and international experience (such as the “Tsuchi-zukuri” philosophy and soil amendment techniques from Japan) with advanced technology (like JVSF’s Organic Carbon technology). This is not an “either/or” choice between tradition and modernity, but an “and” integration to create synergistic strength. By applying a step-by-step transition roadmap tailored to the conditions of each farm and locality, and with strong support from government policies and business companionship, Vietnam can certainly build a future agriculture based on a foundation of healthy land, producing safe, high-value products, and developing sustainably and prosperously.
